An accident, mishap, or, more archaically, misadventure, is an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance, often with lack of intention or necessity. It usually implies a generally negative outcome which may have been avoided or prevented had circumstancesleading up to the accident been recognized, and acted upon, prior to its occurrence.
Experts[who?] in the field of injury prevention avoid use of the term 'accident' to describe events that cause injury in an attempt to highlight the predictable and preventable nature of most injuries. Such incidents are viewed from the perspective of epidemiology as predictable and preventable. Preferred words are more descriptive of the event itself, rather than of its unintended nature (e.g., collision, drowning, fall, etc.)[citation needed]
Accidents of particularly common types (crashing of automobiles, events causing fire, etc.) are investigated to identify how to avoid them in the future. This is sometimes called root cause analysis, but does not generally apply to accidents that cannot be deterministically predicted. A root cause of an uncommon and purely random accident may never be identified, and thus future similar accidents remain "accidental."
Types[edit]
Physical and non-physical[edit]
Physical examples of accidents include unintended collisions or falls, being injured by touching something sharp, hot, or electrical, or ingesting poison. Non-physical examples are unintentionally revealing a secret or otherwise saying something incorrectly, forgetting an appointment, etc.
By activity[edit]
- Accidents during the execution of work or arising out of it are called work accidents. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), more than 337 million accidents happen on the job each year, resulting, together with occupational diseases, in more than 2.3 million deaths annually.[1]
- In contrast, leisure-related accidents are mainly sports injuries.
By vehicle[edit]
- Bike accidents
- Tram accidents
- Traffic collisions
- Sailing ship accidents
- Plane crash
Most common causes[edit]
See also: List of preventable causes of death
For physical traumas or injuries leading to hospital discharge, most common causes are traffic accidents and falls. In the case of injuries in the home, a 2005 survey using data from the National Vital Statistics System of the United States National Center for Health Statistics found that falls, poisoning, and fire/burn injuries were the most common causes for death.[2] The United States also collects statistically valid injury data (sampled from 100 hospitals) through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System administered by theConsumer Product Safety Commission.[3] This program was revised in 2000 to include all injuries rather than just injuries involving products.[3] Data on emergency room visits is also collected through the National Health Interview Survey.[4]
Further information: Trauma (medicine)
See also[edit]
General[edit]
- Accident analysis
- Accident-proneness
- Human error model
- Injury
- Injury prevention
- List of accidents and disasters by death toll
- Safety
- Risk management
Transportation[edit]
Other specific topics[edit]
- Aisles: Safety and regulatory considerations
- Explosives safety
- Nuclear and radiation accidents
- Sports injury
References[edit]
- ^ Runyan CW, Casteel C, Perkis D, et al. (January 2005). "Unintentional injuries in the home in the United States Part I: mortality". Am J Prev Med 28 (1): 73–9. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.010. PMID 15626560.
- ^a b CPSC. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Database query available through: NEISS Injury Data.
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